Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Example

Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Example Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia additionally on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico toward the south Damages from Ike in U. S. oastal and inland territories are assessed at $29. 6 billion (2008 USD), with extra harm of $7. 3 billion in Cuba (the costliest tempest ever in that nation), $200 million in the Bahamas, and $500 million in the Turks and Caicos, adding up to a sum of at any rate $37. 6 billion in harm. Ike was the third costliest Atlantic tropical storm ever, behind Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew was the third most impressive typhoon to make landfall in the United States during the twentieth century, after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969. f 1992 and Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season was the costliest cataclysmic event, just as one of the five deadliest typhoons, throughout the entire existence of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic storms, it was the 6th most grounded b y and large. of 2005. The typhoon additionally brought about the biggest departure of Texans in that states history. It turned into the biggest pursuit and-salvage activity in U. S. history. Because of the power of the tempest, Texas shut a significant number of its synthetic plants and petroleum processing plants. Since a significant part of the United States oil refining limit is situated in Texas, the closings caused a brief increment in the costs of gas, home warming oil, and petroleum gas. Increments were especially high in North Carolina Nort particularly in the mountains, where normal North Carolina is a state situated on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state fringes South Carolina and Georgia toward the south, Tennessee toward the west and Virginia toward the north. North Carolina contains 100 districts. Its capital is Raleigh, and its biggest city is Charlotte costs were as much as 60 pennies higher than the national normal. The end of processing plants so not long after Hurricane Gustav, and the time required to restart creation, additionally brought about deficiencies of fuel in such places as the Carolinas and Tennessee, halfway because of frenzy purchasing. Starter post-storm harm evaluates in the US were set at 18 billion US dollars Panic buyin Panic purchasing is a loose normal use term to portray the demonstration of individuals purchasing surprisingly a lot of an item fully expecting or after a calamity or saw debacle, or fully expecting an enormous cost increment or deficiency, as can happen before a snowstorm or tropical storm or government 2008) as expressed by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Unfortunately there were numerous that didn't tune in to the notice of the up and coming tempest because of a bogus clearing only half a month prior to that of Hurricane Ike from another tempest that missed the region. Numerous individuals didn't accept that the tempest was going to turn and that they would be protected. Individuals, I accept, have gained from Hurricane Ike and understood that you have to take each clearing genuine and ensure yourself and your family. Assets: http://beach front. er. usgs. gov/typhoons/ike/post-storm-photographs/file. php recovered on June 15, 2011 absoluteastronomy. com/points/Hurricane_Ike recovered on June 15, 2011 nasa. gov/mission_pages/tropical storms/chronicles/2008/h2008_ike. html recovered on June 15, 2011 The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, normally alluded to as the ABC , is Australias national open supporter

1920s Fashion From Flappers to the Little Black Dress

1920s Fashion From Flappers to the Little Black Dress SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The thundering twenties were a notable time, described by a post-war monetary blast, the ascent of the recently well off, and fantastic social moves that would keep on characterizing workmanship, legislative issues, and design for a considerable length of time to come. 1920s style was tied in with making a Look-a general stylish that pre-owned present day patterns to show the wearer’s inventiveness. Just because, design was about self-articulation, and you could be anybody you needed on the off chance that you had the correct garments. After World War I finished in 1918, the world sorted itself pull out, and individuals attempted to understand the occasions that happened. As the world changed and recuperated, individuals pushed quickly toward modernization in women’s rights, innovation, and culture. The thundering twenties was 10 years in which everything changed, and fortunately, gave us one of the best time and compelling many years of design. 1920s Fashion Trends for Women Design for ladies experienced significant changes during the 1920s, as styles moved away from exacting Victorian clothing regulations. Hemlines went up, and neck areas went down. Ladies wore baggy garments, which permitted them the chance to show more skin, and move all the more uninhibitedly. Girdles were disposed of for baggy chemises and nightgowns, and with their new opportunity of development ladies dove carelessly into encountering and characterizing their freedom in the advanced time. The Flapper The Flapper is the look most usually connected with the thundering twenties. Flappers wore short, tube-like dresses that could be plain or decorated with dots, periphery, or geometric shapes in a craftsmanship deco style. Flappers likewise decorated with long accessories, typically pearls, just as scarves and headscarves, and boots. The Flapper look was proposed to be an over-overstated, eye catching look. Young ladies were encountering more opportunity in the post-war 1920s, and looked to shake the inflexible desires for ladies in past decades. The Garconne Like the Flapper, ladies who donned a Garconne look did as such to oppose female standards. This look was proposed to be manly; the basic pieces were shirts, larger than average coats, and straight-legged pants. The look took into consideration opportunity of development, and was an approach to flag that a lady was autonomous and proficient. Coco Chanel, who rose as a main style creator during the decade, was an advocate of the Garconne look, regularly wearing suits she planned. Talking about Coco Chanel-this style symbol likewise planned The Little Black Dress during the 1920s, a staple closet piece that was proposed to be upscale and multi-utilitarian staple closet piece for ladies everything being equal. The idea of a multi-useful dress was mainstream to the point that ladies everywhere throughout the world embraced it, and it stays a design must-have. 1920s Hairstyles, Accessories, and then some! 1920s hairdos for ladies moved away from muddled long twists and stuck updos. Ladies picked short, smooth bounces of changing styles, including the Shingle, a shorter, waved sway. Fur garments or hide trim coats were likewise mainstream as of now, especially raccoon, and were a significant marker of status. Low heels in Mary Jane or T-lash styles were worn with most outfits. Notwithstanding the two fundamental day looks, different parts of women’s garments developed during this time, since more ladies had the way to take relaxes and partake in recreation exercises. Women’s â€Å"bathing costumes† got shorter and more tightly, taking into consideration more scope of second in the water, and more skin to be appeared while sunbathing-a shameful turn of events! Sportswear additionally turned out to be increasingly practical; free pants and pullovers got adequate for ladies, as ladies started to take an interest in recreation sports close by men. 1920s Men’s Fashion While men’s design didn’t change as radically as women’s styles, men’s style pushed toward innovation and usefulness. New men’s styles were designed according to celebrities and acclaimed denial hoodlums. Men kept on wearing suits for ordinary wear, however new pieces turned out to be socially adequate in easygoing settings also. Sweaters were advanced as progressively youngsters attended a university, and men wore them with pants or knickerbockers. The suits themselves turned out to be less formal; pants were fitted all the more freely, and a vest was discretionary. The 1920s additionally brought the production of a Zoot Suit, which were well known among African-American men. These suits had wide legs and bears, and were styled with beautiful ties and pocket squares. In spite of the fact that we will in general think about a tuxedo now as the most elevated level of formal wear, tuxedos were just received during the 1920s. Already, men’s formal wear was called â€Å"white-tie† and comprised of a white tie and vest, alongside a coat and tails. The more agreeable tuxedo supplanted the coat-and-tails, and is presently what we call dark tie formal. Tuxedos empowered men to move all the more openly, as moving itself turned out to be increasingly changed and dynamic. A youngster wearing a level top 1920s Hairstyles and Accessories for Men You can’t consider 1920s design without contemplating caps. From level tops to top caps, men’s caps were fundamental. It was not commonly adequate to go out without one. Level tops were the most easygoing, and were regularly worn by young men and youngsters. Fedoras were additionally worn coolly, ordinarily with a suit. Top caps were viewed as formal cap wear. Men’s hair was short and slicked back, imitating the hoodlums and famous actors who were the VIPs of the day. Men additionally shook ties and neckties, and coordinated them with pocket squares, which were utilized as an approach to add shading and measurement to their outfits. Men during the 1920s additionally preferred dark wing tip, patent calfskin, or two-tone shoes. Like for ladies, fur garments were a signifier of status, with raccoon coats being looked for after for their example and shading. Understanding Cultural Influences in Roaring 20s Fashion First-wave women's liberation in the United States picked up ladies the option to cast a ballot in 1919. With the vote came a change in women’s status, which was reflected truly in their garments. As we referenced above, undergarments were everything except relinquished, and garments turned out to be less about after exacting social codes to connote excellence or conjugal status, and increasingly about self-articulation. Women’s style was one of the essential elements of the way of life transformation that came to characterize their freedom and the thundering twenties. The developing economy related to innovative progression and an expansion in by and large riches made a developing society of industrialism, where individuals were anxious to show their riches and status; some portion of this presentation was the development of a look, and a comprehension of patterns. Getting to form was, just because, accessible to individuals everything being equal, and there was an influence in self-articulation for the recently rich and the rising working class. Furthermore, numerous youngsters and ladies left the places where they grew up for the city with guarantees of employments and experience. A young culture characterized by boundless guarantee immediately emerged. Media Influences The film business was simply starting all at once during the 1920s, and individuals of all financial status could go to see movies. Famous actors like Clara Bow, Greta Garbo, Rudolph Valentino, and Buster Keaton vigorously affected the styles of the day. Hollywood as thought about the stature of marvelousness, and celebrities were another idea that individuals were anxious to copy in the libertine twenties These progressions joined by paper coops permitted individuals to all entrance a similar data just because, individuals in urban areas and rustic towns the nation over were perusing and considering the to be content as each other. Papers ran similar stories, individuals saw similar motion pictures, and had the option to partake in national culture. This particularly was significant as the media glamorized forbiddance gangsters’ ascend to noticeable quality. Their way of life and culture started to impact design and a culture of abundance. Current craftsmanship likewise affected 1920s design. Like every other person, craftsmen were attempting to comprehend the staggering war in their own specific manners, which prompted developments like Dada, oddity and expressionism. Craftsmanship deco was a significant effect on style, as it concentrated on shapes and measurement and was tied in with making a visual encounter. The impacts are obvious in the Flapper and Garconne searches for ladies, with its accentuation on lines and shapes. A case of craftsmanship deco Inheritance and 1920s Fashion Trends Today Notwithstanding the everlasting expansion of the Little Black Dress, 1920s design impacts keep on characterizing the style business as we probably am aware it. Style of the 1920s was intently attached to women’s freedom, and was one of the first of numerous developments to make women’s design increasingly agreeable, useful, and fit to their requirements and innovativeness rather than their physical appeal. All the more significantly, the 1920s built up style as an ever-changing piece of our social vocabulary, something that impacts individuals everywhere throughout the world. A typical statement is that design is recurrent, which clarifies why certain styles like stockings have advanced back from the 1980s as of late. All things considered, the design impact of the 1920s is all over the place, from an ongoing ascent in brilliant shapes and designs, and the resurgence of baggy jeans and overcoats. Here are some pleasant approaches to direct the 1920s in your ordinary outfits, while abstaining from looking like you’re wearing an ensemble. Cylinder dresses, swing dresses, and move dresses are an extraordinary method to pull in a twenties impact, since they’re not structure fitting. These dresses arrive in an assortment of styles and are anything but difficult to embellish. The equivalent with free, straight-legged jeans! These perfect lines are about the shape, and when combined with

Argos Segmentation Targeting And Positioning Essay

Argos Segmentation Targeting And Positioning Essay What is Argos? What do we know about this company? For one, it is one of the leading British companies which specialises in retailing. Thanks to its proper marketing strategies, the company’s revenues have grown significantly over the years, and to gain the better understanding of what is so special about Argos strategic marketing, we will take a closer look at its Segmentation, targeting and positioning. But first let’s look into whole segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) as the process of creating them and applying is common to many different companies including ibank Barclays, Argos, and other ones. What is segmentation, targeting and positioning? Marketing specialists shorten these three notions into one abbreviation which is STP. It is a concept which explains in what segment of the market a company wants to focus on, what clients it wants to target and what association it wants its clients to have with their company or one of their products. Every company should return to these notions from time to time to analyse how well they go and whether they are moving in accordance with the primary goal. Argos segmentation The process of choosing a correct segment of the market is a hard one. That is why the specialists working at Argos took their time to identify which sub-group of the market they want to talk to with their services. Thus, after a lengthy discussion, they came to a conclusion that there is no need to stick only to one category of people (rich, poor, male or female). They said that they strive to reach out to all groups of the population together and deliver the highest level of service no matter who uses it. Targeting of Argos This step is what makes most marketing specialists feel worried, as they must understand what each individual customer wants to get even before he realises it himself. Thus, they study the habits and buying traditions so that once they need a certain product, Argos will be able to offer it to them. So, they keep collecting data and hiring specialists to analyse different categories of buyers and their preferences. It is an ongoing process. Positioning It is hard to state just one particular way Argos positions its product. Given how different its customers are, and how different their preferences are, this retailing company strives to deliver customised offers to each individual buyer. They get to find their customers by making special attractive offers which are developed based on their previous purchases. Besides, when talking about this stage of strategic marketing planning, one should also know that Argos keeps advancing its stores and services to make the product even more attractive for new customers. This is what STP for Argos looks like. This company actually sets the example for many other ventures in the niche. And there are many aspects one should take into account when thinking about STP for this retailing business.

Impact Of Apartheid On South Africa - 1804 Words

Shinichi Tanaka Cherie Haines, Associate Professor English Composition II, Wednesday AM September 24, 2014 Titile 1. Introduction It has been exactly 20 years since apartheid was withdrawn in South Africa. A lot of things have changed and improved to the black Africans. South African became one of the largest economical continents in the world. It seems the black Africans’ lives have got better compared to the time people were under the control of apartheid. There is a tremendous gap between the rich and the poor. Some people’s lives are getting better tremendously, however, most people, especially who live in rural areas, are still suffering due to the system of apartheid-effects of poor education function, unemployment and underdeveloped areas. 2.1 Apartheid Apartheid, means the state of being apart, was legislated by National Party (NP) government after their power gets strong in 1948. Apartheid is a system of racial separation to all non- white people that their acts were controlled by this system. By this system all non-white people, who are blacks, Asians and colored, had to live away from whites, use separated public facilities, and contact between them were limited (â€Å"Apartheid†). Even though, the white people are minority in South Africa, they got the powerful power, and controlled everything like a lot of white people used to colonize other countries. 2.2 The government legislated more policies on apartheid. All non-white people’s lives had become more limited. TheShow MoreRelatedHow the Apartheid Came to Be in South Africa1184 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1948, apartheid was introduced to South Africa. Apartheid means apartness and is the political policy of racial segregation. Each racial group was segregated from other races within South Africa. These groups consisted of whites, blacks and coloreds (Asians and Indians). The minority white population had the rule over the whole country. Apartheid did not only detach whites from non-whites, but it also set apart the Blacks from the Coloreds. When apartheid ended in 1994 a legacy was leftRead MoreStripped of Civil Rights during Apartheid in South Africa830 Words   |  3 Pagesduring apartheid. From 1948 to 1994, apartheid was enforced in South Africa. With this policy, colored people (mixed or black) were deprived of housing, education, and work. The policies of apartheid were so strict that if a colored were to speak about a white person, they would be in danger of getting arrested. After all these years that the coloreds suffered through, Nelson Mandela fought hard and eventually got apartheid abolished. Many people believe that racism is gone from South Africa now whileRead MoreApartheid in South Africa Essays1245 Words   |  5 Pages The word apartheid comes in two forms, one being the system of racial segregation in South Africa, and the other form is the form that only those who were affected by apartheid can relate to, the deeper, truer, more horrifying, saddening and realistic form. The apartheid era truly began when white South Africans went to the polls to vote. Although the United Party and National Party were extremely close, the National party won. Since they won, they gained more seats and slowly began to eliminateRead MoreApartheid in South Africa711 Words   |  3 PagesRacial discrimination dominated South Africa in 1948, and this was further witnessed when the ruling party made the discriminatory apartheid policy into law, in the same year (Pfister, 2005). 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Basically, politicalRead MoreHistory Of Musical History, And Music Theory Of South Africa997 Words   |  4 PagesSara Dietrich Mr. Moore AMU3M January 6, 2015 South Africa This paper is going to talk about the history, musical history, and music theory of South Africa. The country is populated with 52.98 million people and the main religion is Christian. The country of South Africa is located on the southern most tip of the continent of Africa and covers 4% of the total landmass. It is bordered by Mozambique, Namibia, and Botswana. It is a very biodiverse country because of the Atlantic ocean flankingRead MoreWhat Was The Impact Of Nelson Mandela996 Words   |  4 Pageswithin South Africa. He later went on to create the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), MK for short, in December 1961. Mandela was later imprisoned in 1963 and remained there for twenty-seven years, being released in 1990. Four years later, Mandela became Prime Minister of South Africa, from 1994 until 1999. Before Mandela was Prime Minister, F.W. de Klerk was Prime Minister, running from 1989 to 1994. De Klerk is best known for his help in ending apartheid; he helped end ap artheid by releasingRead MoreEssay about Politics and Apartheid1045 Words   |  5 Pageseyes and skin stretched over bones, these people were living skeletons. The dark-skinned citizens of South Africa could attribute their misfortune due to the state of politics in South Africa, where prejudice against dark skinned people ran as rampant as disease and poverty. Due to politics working against dark-skinned people beginning three years after South Africa gained its independence, apartheid was established and fought for by racists and against by activists until it was ended in 1991. TheRead MoreThe Struggle Against the Apartheid State of South Africa Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesto Mqhekezweni, this showed he wanted to make an impact on the country as a whole instead of just his tribe or area; he was beginning to see that the duty was to his people as a whole, and ethic loyalties gave way to a common purpose. This is where Mandelas campaign for equality for Blacks began. This reason was not only important for him at the time, but it led to Mandelas ideas about a multi-racial South Africa, directing him towards the formation of the ANC YouthRead MoreThe Black Consciousness Movement And The Struggle For Racial Equality1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe brutal system of legislation, apartheid, introduced by the Nationalist Party within South Africa in 1948 saw a colossal divide in national identity. The rigid policy of segregation and institutionalised racial discrimination of the blacks or â€Å"bantu’s† by white supremacy caused rising and consistent opposition in the form of various groups. Organisations such as the South African School’s Associations, African National Congress, and Black People’s Convention campaigned side by side for black equality

American Civil War and Sectionalism - 552 Words

1. Approximately 180,000 Negros served in the Union during the Civil War. The Negro Soldier was overall a good one. One example was at the Assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina. The 54th Massachusetts Colored troops led the assault and scaled the fort’s parapet and were only driven back after brutal hand-to-hand fighting. The Negro faced some discrimination in the Union Army in areas such as pay. It wasn’t until June 15th, 1864 that the Congress granted equal pay to Negro troops. Several Negro soldiers earned the Medal of Honor. The North attitude towards Negro troops was mainly positive, while the South did not want Negros to serve in the Confederate Army. It wasn’t until the Confederates were running low on men did they allow Negros to serve. The Negros serving in the North felt it as their duty to serve and support the cause for their own freedom. 2. General Ulysses S. Grant was a brilliant strategist and seemed to be able to plan out movements in advance. The people of the North thought the tremendous casualties to be horrendous. But Grant knew that the South’s casualties to be much more than the North’s. Grant did have the support and trust of the North though and his record did well to deserve that support. His commanders trusted his completely. Grant’s idea of â€Å"Total War† was to break down the infrastructure of the South. The Siege of Petersburg which lasted almost years, then the capture of Richmond is among the battles Grant engaged in while south of the JamesShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Sectionalism And The American Civil War1883 Words   |  8 Pages Sectionalism, in it’s earliest American state was found in the early 1800’s. Tensions were high during this time, with Slavery becoming a much more Sectional issue. The South claimed Slavery a Necessary Evil, and that without it, the South’s economy would collapse. Many in the South believed it was a positive thing, providing slaves with shelter, food, and many cases, religion. On the opposite side, many northerners called for Abolition, or, the end of slavery (â€Å"Course Notes, Sectionalism and Slavery†)Read MoreSectionalism Due to Western Expansion Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Antebellum period from 1800 to 1850 marked a time of sectionalism in American history. Furthermore, new territories gained during western expansion added to this conflict between different sections of America. Southern states wanted new slave territories, while the North wanted to contain the spread of slavery. While Western expansion contributed to growing sectional tensio ns between the North and South from 1800-1820, sectionalism intensified significantly from 1820-1850. Since the turn ofRead MoreThe Battle Between The Union And A Separate Entity Called The Confederacy1688 Words   |  7 Pagesprofound event in American History, but how did this development evolve? Slavery and democracy had existed for many years, making the Civil War avoidable, yet the course of events still led the United States to the outcome stated above. In order for one to understand this change, one must try to piece together the many instances that would tell him/her the reasons for a Civil War as destructive as the one fought in the eighteen hundreds between the North and the South. The Civil War was caused by theRead MorePolitical Parties, Sectionalism and the Civil War Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesEverything in history seems to lead to something else. The Civil War was no exception. It started with the creation of parties. Thomas Jefferson started the Anti-Federalist Party that would eventually evolve into Andrew Jackson’s Democratic Party. Policies were issued and the two party system started to collapse and sectionalism started to rise. Instead of Democrat versus Whig, it was North Versus South. Neither side could agree on any issues even when compromises were issued neither side reallyRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿DBQ QUESTIONS Writing the DBQ Civil War Assess the following quote: â€Å"Ultimately, the Civil War reduced sectional antagonism and made the United States truly ‘one nation.’† ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Constitution Using information from the evidence below as well as your knowledge of the period, discuss the development of the United States Constitution as aRead MoreSectionalism In The United States: Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many problems, events, and situations that led to the Civil War. One of the major reasons for the outbreak of the war was sectionalism. Once the United States was split, many of the countrys fundamental issues were disputed, with slavery being at the top of the list. Some of the other major issues in dispute were representation, tariffs, and states rights. Sectionalism is defined as, the sharp socio-economic differences that divided the Northern and the Southern states in the U.S. Read MoreThe Era Of Good Feeling Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesparty, and after entering a time of political unity, the United States entered what historians refer to as the â€Å"Era of Good Feeling†. This era began after the War of 1812, a war between America and Brit ain, and the Napoleonic Wars, a series of wars taken place in the seas near France, ended. The Federalist party was dissolving at the end of the war, and was completely dissolved when Monroe came into office as president in 1817. At the start of this era, there was primarily a one-party political systemRead MoreThe United States Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesBetween the start of the 1800’s and the mid 1850’s, the United States acquired a vast amount of territory through wars, annexation, and purchases. Beginning with Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana purchase in 1803, the United States began a campaign to acquire all the territory west of the Mississippi River and reach the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This time period would become known as Manifest Destiny. Over the five decades that Manifest Destiny lasted politics and the government changed alongRead MoreThe Debate Of The Missouri Compromise1613 Words   |  7 Pagesplan to argue is that the compromise literal ly drew lines that further separated the United States into two sections, this increase of sectionalism led to higher tensions that eventually lead straight into the Civil War. In this thesis I will draw upon sources from several different areas including databases, and books. These books include; Slavery and the American West written by Micheal A. Morrison, The Road to Disunion by William W. Freehling, and The Missouri Compromise and its Aftermath by RobertRead MoreThe Civil War And After The War Of 18121607 Words   |  7 PagesThe Antebellum Period in American History is for the most part thought to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some extend it to every one of the years from the reception of the Constitution in 1789 to the start of the Civil War. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the country between abolitionists and supporters of slavery. The nation s economy started growing in the North due t o the Industrial Revolution, the South s

Television the Downfall of American Society Free Essays

Sean Conway Professor Stevens WRT 102 Essay #2 Television: The Downfall of American Society Televisions have only been around since their debut in the middle of the 20th century and have since become a huge part of everyday life here in America. Originally having good intentions, the television and watching of television in the last couple of decades has changed greatly. The amount of time people spend watching their televisions has also changed in the sense that people spend much more time in front of the television than they used to. We will write a custom essay sample on Television: the Downfall of American Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some argue that television has had a huge negative effect on American families. In her essay, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug,† Marie Winn explores the ways in which television has lowered the quality of family life, rituals, and values. She recognizes that there is a problem with our society and the way in which it is consistently influenced by television. She shows this when she says, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one,† (Winn 353).Winn is true in saying this because television has caused children across America to have undeveloped intelligence, creativity, and imagination. TV is also detrimental to family life, family relationships, and outside relationships as well. When the television made its first debut in the early to mid 20th century it came with good intentions. This idea of good intention however did not last long with the critics. As early as 1961 the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission referred to television as a â€Å"Vast Wasteland,† (351).Many other critics would come to share in his beliefs about television. There have been numerous books, articles, essays, and research done on the subject of television and its negative effects on children in particular. Marie Winn’s article is just one of many. The amount of time America’s youth spends watching television can be correlated to a decrease in the quality of the lives of children across this nation. As a result of watching too much television, children lack the proper development of intelligence, creativity, and imagination. Parents re so used to the idea of television that they do not think to link it to their family’s problems or issues. Winn mentions a few examples of this issue in her text, one of which being a family of two boys, ages three and seven. The boy’s entire evening after school revolves around their television shows. This same situation appears countless times in households across America. The reason that this is so bad is because when young children are spending all of their free time watching television they do not develop certain characteristics that they should be developing at this age.The children who spend more time in front of the television do not gain the experience that comes from playing sports, being part of a team/club, or getting to have a large group of friends to play and explore new things with. This is why they do not develop certain characteristics which are all important traits to develop, especially at this young age. I know that when I was young, and still to this day, I always loved being outside and playing sports or other activities. I am so thankful for this because I now realize that by spending less time in front of the television I was able to learn so many more useful traits for life. Another aspect of life that television has a negative effect on in this country is family rituals. Family rituals are defined as â€Å"The part of family life that the families like about itself, is proud of, and wants formally to continue,† (354). Family rituals are extremely important because they are unique for the family and in most cases are what keeps a family together and close throughout years and generations.Somehow television has affected these rituals in many households. Winn uses an example of a young woman from Chicago in her article to show this effect. The young woman tells how she comes from a large family that loved getting together over holidays and had many lasting rituals that never failed to appear. Except one year when her family got a television set in their house. This particular year, instead of the usual conversations and game playing the whole family crammed in front of the television to watch a football game.This is a perfect example of family rituals going down the drain due to television. Instead of interacting and having face-to-face conversations, everyone just stared at e screen without conversing at all. This validates Winn’s argument of television having a negative effect across the nation. Television also has a huge effect on not only family relationships but others outside relationships as well. Watching television causes people to get a false sense of reality and when presented with a real world situation do not know what to do or how to act. Winn states that, â€Å"The hours children spend in a one way relationship with television people, an involvement that allows with no communication or interaction, must have some effect with their relationship with real-life people,† (Winn 355). Winn is correct in saying this and in fact she proves it when she supports it with examples. She writes about a teacher who says she has trouble interacting with people after watching television for a few hours. The teacher says that because there was no necessary effort while watching, it was hard to deal with real people who require effort to talk to.Also, â€Å"Studies have been done to show the importance of eye- to-eye contact in real-life relationships,† (355) says Winn, something not required while watching television. This is more evidence to further validate Winn’s argument against television. I was lucky enough to be very involved in sports and other activities to steer me away from television. I noticed from an early age that the children in school who were not athletic and had problems interacting with the other children were also the ones who spent many hours a day watching television or playing games on the television.Thankfully my group of friends were always active and outdoors. Swimming also took up a lot of my time. I still swim today at the collegiate level and I still do not have time for much television. People need to learn that although television is entertaining, there is almost always something better they could be doing. Most of the people living in this nation today were born into television and watching television has been irreplaceably drilled into the minds of Americans and some people would not know how to live a life without it.The reality of television is that it has severely negative effects on people, especially America’s youth who tend to spend way too much time sitting in front of television sets. Marie Winn was able to see the significance in this and writes about it in her article, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug. † The title speaks for itself; she believes that television has a huge negative effect on quality of life including family life, real-world relationships, character development and many other things as well.She proves her believes true throughout her work and shows the reader just how important it is to limit television viewing, especially for children who are watching more and more television each year. Without these limitations and more face-to-face interactions, this nation’s future may not be a bright one.Work Cited Winn, Marie. â€Å"Television: The Plug in Drug. † Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 10th edition. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. New York: Bedford, 2007. How to cite Television: the Downfall of American Society, Papers

Piracy in Film Industry Essay Example

Piracy in Film Industry Essay The   Tamil   film   industry   is   losing   millions   of   dollars   in   revenue   each   year   because   of   piracy,   yet   it   is   unable   to   do   anything   to   combat   it. Everyone   has   heard   of   Bollywood   but   southern  Indias  Tamil  film  industry  is  also  prolific. More  than  130  films  are  being  released   every  year. Ticket  sales  coupled  with  the  sale  of  overseas  rights  for  Tamil  films  bring  in  most   of  the  revenue. Estimates  vary  as  to  how  much  money  is  generated,  but  it  is  thought  to  be about  $250m  a  year. But  this  income  is  being  severely  dented  because  of  the  rampant  sale   of  pirated  DVDs  and  VCDs. They  usually  hit  the  black  market  within  a  few  days  of  the  release   of  a  new  film. Sometimes  pirated  DVDs  are  put  out  on  the  day  of  the  release  itself. The   majority   of   pirated   DVDs   originate   from   India   or   Malaysia. People   make   unauthorised   copies   from   original   prints   that   are   given   to   the   cinema   halls,   convert   them   into  DVDs  and  sell  them. Some  even  use  cameras  to  record  the  film  while  it  is  being  played   in  the  cinema  hall. Overseas  revenues  constitute  15? 0%  of  the  total  revenue  of  the  Tamil   film  industry. The  Tamil  film  industry  has  yet  to  for mulate  a  strategy  to  combat  such  piracy   abroad,   but   at   home   in   Tamil   Nadu,   it   uses   its   clout   over   the   political   class   to   fight   the   problem. The   Tamil   Nadu   government   has   set   up   special   units   to   tackle   video   and   DVD   pirates,   and   has   warned   offenders   they   face   severe   punishments. But   these   measures   are   yet  to  yield  tangible  results. Video  piracy  market  in  India  is  estimated  at  an  alarming  Rs  1,000? crore  and  rising  at  the   rate  of  20  per  cent  every  year  according  to  some  sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As  per  a  Northbridge  Capital  Asia   report  in  early  2009,  the  Indian  film  industry,  which  is  currently  pegged  at  Rs  14,  400  crore,   produces  around  1,000  films  every  year  but  loses  14%  of  its  revenue  to  video  piracy. Jaggubai,  the  15  crore  mega  project  of  Sarathkumar  directed  by  KS  Ravikumar  was  made   available  on  the  net  even  before  its  release  and  that  shocked  the  entire  Tamil  film  industry. While   everyone   understand   their   anger   and   agony,   it’s   also   time   to   introspect   who   is   at   fault. Is   it   the   common   man   as   accused   by   the   industry   or   the   industry   which   is   not   considerate  of  the  common  man? Piracy   has   not   spared   even   Hollywood. Last   year   an   almost   finished   copy   of   X? Men   Origins:   Wolverine   starring   Hugh   Jackman   was   leaked   online   a   month   before   its theatrical   release. Another   American   science   fiction   film,   the   fourth   instalment   in   the   Terminator   series,   Terminator   Salvation   starring   Christian   Bale   had   to   change   its   ending   completely   after  internet  leak. 3  |  P a g e Main  Research  Problem The  unscrupulous  act  of  piracy  definitely  demands  condemnation  of  the  highest. But  it  is   also  time  to  do  some  polite  introspection  on  the  side  of  the  film  industry. Who  is  the  culprit   according   to   the   film   industry? What   medium   of   piracy   they   are   worried   about? Does   the   hue  and  cry  of  the  industry  actually  touch  the  hearts  of  the  very  ordinary  people  it  accuses   of  abetting  the  crime  and  incurring  huge  losses  to  the  film  industry? My  objective  hence  is  to  find  out  the  causes  and  reasons  for  spread  of  piracy  from  the   public’s   eye. It   is   a   common   notion   with   the   film   industry   that   the   causes   of   spread   are   attributed   to   the   youth   of   today. In   order   to   analyze   this   particular   accusation   I   have   surveyed  the  youth  of  Chennai  in  order  to  assess  the  real  factors  driving  the  piracy  problem. My  main  research  question  was  to  find  out  whether  it  is  true  that  the  youth  of  today  are   the  major  reasons  behind  the  spread  of  movie  piracy. Hence  in  order  to  find  whether  it  is   VCD  piracy  or  online  piracy,  the  bigger  evil,  my  questionnaire  has  been  designed  in  such  a   way. Also  in  order  to  arrest  the  spread  of  piracy,  the  Government  has  been  taking  steps  but   not   enough. The   drive   needs   to   come   from   within   the   viewers   who   are   watching   such   movies. They  need  to  awaken  from  this  bad  dream  and  stop  watching  pirated  movies. This way  we  could  reduce  the  losses  that  movie  producers  are  suffering  from  piracy. 4  |  P a g e Scope  of  Research For  the  purpose  of   restricting  my  survey  to  the  main  research  problem  I  have  focused   the  survey  on  people  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  where  it  is  believed  that  movie  piracy   is  rampant. Even  though  movie  piracy  is  prevalent  in  Bollywood  as  well  as  Hollywood,  I  have   restricted  my  survey  to  the  confines  of  Kollywood,  which  has  a  major  appeal  in  Chennai  and   its   suburbs. The   same   techniques   used   for   pirating   tamil   movies   are   used   for   English   and   Hindi   movies   too. So   once   we   find   out   the   major   causes   driving   the   piracy   issue,   we   can   answer  the  question  facing  the  larger  picture. Since   Chennai   is   the   hub   for   the   tamil   movie   industry,   Kollywood,   I   have   focused   my   survey  only  on  the  youth  of  Chennai. Also  the  majority  of  revenues  earned  for  a  movie  come   from  the  metropolitan  city  of  Chennai. As  per  literature,  (Freestone  Ã‚  Mitchell,  2004,  Kini,   Ramakrishna      Vijayaraman,   2003,   Vartiainen,   1999)   piracy   is   prevalent   amongst   youth   worldwide. Here  we  are  interested  in  the  youth  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  since  that  is   the  age  for  most  working  youth  who  are  yet  to  get  married  and  settle  into  marital  life. Critical  Review  of  Literature The   research   that   had   been   done   in   this   particular   area   had   been   mainly   to   distinguish  between  the  differences  in  piracy  related  to  software,  movie  and music. The  sole   purpose  of  the  research  had  been  in  identifying  which  had  a  major  impact  on  revenues. As   discussed  in  that  research  software  cannot  be  compared  with  movie  and  music  piracy  since   the  latter  had  a  shorter  life  cycle. The  interest  in  a  particular  movie  or  music  changes  once   another   catchy   tone   or   high   interest   movie   comes   about. That   is   why   it   has   a   shorter   life   span. My  pre? research  included  going  through  surveys  done  in  the  area  of  software  piracy   with  the  main  focus  on  the  use  of  internet  as  the  transfer  medium. The  Gallup  poll  on  moral   acceptability   of   downloading   music   for   free   was   referred   to   as   my   research   objective   included  music  piracy  as  well. There   has   not   been   much   research   on   the   piracy   of   Tamil   movies   with   a   focus   on   Chennai   alone. There   have   been   researches   conducted   on   the   piracy   involved   in   Tamil   movies  abroad  in  the  US  and  UK. But  our  focus  here  is  to  address  the  issue  at  the  source. Hence  we  focus  on  the  heart  of  the  Tamil  movie  industry,  Kodambakkam,  Chennai. The  main  sources  referred  to  for  conducting  the  primary  research  have  been  given  in   the  Bibliography  section. 5  |  P a g e Methodology The  research  methodology  used  here  is  that  of  an  explanatory  research  in  order  to   explain   the   phenomenon   of   Piracy   prevalent   among   the   youth. Since   Movie   and   music   piracy  is  a  social   phenomenon   we  need   to   follow  a  phenomenological  approach  in  finding   out  the  factors  responsible  for  the  spread  of  this  revenue  killing  phenomenon . The   research   instruments   used   are  the   questionnaires   which   are   distributed   to   the   sample  population  and  we  get  responses  for  the  reasons  and  medium  for  spread  of  piracy. In  order  to  find  out  the  majorly  influencing  factor  for  piracy  I  have  used  a  scale  of  0? 100  for   the   independent   variables   to   clearly   demarcate   how   much   the   respondent   feels   is   the   difference  between  two  independent  variables. Once   the   data   is   collected,   we   input   it   in   SPSS   software   and   carry   out   statistical   functions   to   compare   the   means   of   the   different   variables. The   tool   used   to   compare   the   values  is  1? way  ANOVA  which  compares  the  values  of  the  different  variables  and  gives  the   result   with   the   corresponding   significance   level. Also   the   genre   of   movies   that   the   public   prefers  and  their  consumption  of  pirated  movies  have  been  given  pictorially  in  the  output. Conceptualisation In   order   to   get   clear   with   the   research   survey,   the   following   concepts   were   developed: Piracy   –   Copyright   infringement   of   audio? isual   works,   often   referred   to   as   piracy,   occurs    when   unauthorized   copies   are   made   of   music,   movies   and   similar   works. Unauthorized   copies   of   CDs/DVDs   and   other   media   are   sold   for   very   low   prices   around   the   world. Our   concept   of   movie   piracy   here   includes   VCD   piracy,   online   streaming   of   movies,   free   downloads  and  Cable  TV  piracy. Quality   of   movies   –   The   quality   of   a   movie   that   we   refer   to   here   is   the   goodness   of   the   storyline,  the  cinematography,  logical  sense  in  the  flow  of  the  story  and  the  reality  implied   in   the   movie   sequences. A   good   quality   movie   is   one   which   has   a   good   storyline,   well   directed,  sound  logic  in  the  story  and  a  seamless  flow  of  the  story. 6  |  P a g e Variables The   independent   variables,   dependent   variables,   intervening   variables   and   extraneous  variables  have  all  been  used  in  the  study  of  my  research  problem. Independent  Variables      ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The  independent  variables  include  Ã‚   Quality  of  cinema  halls,  Ã‚   Price  of  tickets,  Ã‚   Use  of  CD/DVD,  Ã‚   Online  streaming  of  movies,  Ã‚   Free  downloads,  Ã‚   Bad  cinema  halls,  Ã‚   Lack  of  security  measures,  Ã‚   Easy  accessibility  to  content,  Ã‚   Sourcing  from  friends  and  Ã‚   Bad  movie  quality Dependent  Variables      ? ? ? ? The  dependent  variables  include  Ã‚   Spread  of  movie  piracy,  Ã‚   Cause  of  piracy,  and  Ã‚   Source  of  music  piracy  and  Ã‚   Public’s  perception  of  spread  of  movie  piracy Intervening  Variable      The   location   preference   of   the   people   in   watching   the   movies   is   an   intervening   variable   as   it   affects   the   relationship   between   the   main   variable   spread   of   piracy   and   the   independent  variable,  easy  accessibility  to  free  content. Extraneous  Variable      The  perception  and  preference  of  the  people  towards  watching  pirated  movies  is  the   extraneous   variable. People’s   tolerance   and   the   readiness   to   watch   pirated   movies,   if   available,  impacts  the  relation  between  bad  quality  theatres  and  spread  of  piracy. Hence  the   attitude  of  the  people  is  an  extraneous  variable  and  which  is  not  covered  in  the  study. 7  |  P a g e Hypotheses Any  research  study  needs  to  have  hypotheses  that  need  to  be  proved  or  disproved   to  assess  the  validity  of  the  assumptions  or  popular  opinions. Hence  the  relation  between   the   independent   variables   and   the   dependent   variables   is   tested   quantitatively   with   the   help  of  the  below  mentioned  six  hypotheses: H1:   CD/DVD   is   the   most   common   medium   used   in   the   spread   of   Tamil   movie  piracy      H2:   Ticket  prices  is  the  main  reason  behind  the  cause  of  movie  piracy      H3:   People  prefer  to  watch  all  new  movies  at  home  rather  than  at  theatres      H4:   CD/DVD  is  the  source  of  most  movies  that  people  watch  at  home      H5:   Free  downloads  is  the  main  reason  behind  the  spread  of  music  piracy      H6:   Easy  accessibility  to  free  content  of  movies  is  the  main  reason  that  the   Public  think  as  the  spread  for  piracy         All   the   above   hypotheses   can   be   classified   into   the   category   of   Null   hypotheses   where   the   given   statements   are   the   hypot heses   which   would   be   proved   or   disproved   statistically. 8  |  P a g e Sample  Selection The   convenience   sampling   (non? probability   sampling)   technique   was   used   where   questionnaires   were   distributed   to   the   intended   age   group. A   total   of   213   persons   were   included  in  the  sample. The  survey  questionnaires  were  distributed  in  three  places, ? Sangam  Theatre,  Kilpauk,  Chennai   ? Meenakshi  Sundarrajan  Engineering  College,  Kodambakkam,  Chennai   ? Alsa  Mall,  Egmore,  Chennai      The  respondents  were  majorly  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  and  had  persons  from   both  genders  to  encompass  the  gender  diversity  in  this  particular  phenomenon. Since  the  data  related  to  number  of  Tamil  movie  goers  in  Chennai  was  not  available   we  couldn’t  use  any  statistical  methods  for  determining  the  minimal  sample  size. However   the   total   number   obtained   here   was   huge   which   ensured   that   we   were   able   to   ensure   normal  distribution  of  the  values  obtained  in  the  survey. Thus   we   have   surveyed   213   people   in   all   which   includes   119   men   (56%)   and   94   women   (44%)   in   the   survey. The   age   groups   in   the   survey   range   from   0? 18   years,   19? 29   years,  30? 39  years,  40? 49  years,  50? 59  years  and  people  more  than  60  years  old. However   we  tried  to  focus  on  people  in  the  19? 29  age  groups. Out  of  the  total  number  surveyed  198  are  single  (93%)  and  15  are  married  (7%). Also   the   majority   of   people   watch   movies   once   a   month   or   once   in   3   months. Only   a   smaller   proportion  of  people  watch  it  once  in  two  weeks. Profile  of  the  respondents Gender Cumulative Frequency Valid Female Male Total 94 119 213 Percent 44. 1 55. 9 100. 0 Valid Percent 44. 1 55. 9 100. 0 Percent 44. 1 100. 0 9  |  P a g e Age group Cumulative Frequency Valid 0-18 years 19-29 years 30-39 years 50-59 years Total 48 156 7 2 213 Percent 22. 5 73. 2 3. 3 . 9 100. 0 Valid Percent 22. 5 73. 2 3. 3 . 9 100. 0 Percent 22. 5 95. 8 99. 1 100. 0 Marital status Cumulative Frequency Valid single married Total 198 15 213 Percent 93. 0 7. 0 100. 0 Valid Percent 93. 0 7. 0 100. 0 Percent 93. 0 100. 0 Frequency of movies Cumulative Frequency Valid once a week once in 2 weeks once a month once in 3 months very rarely Total 35 15 59 52 52 213 Percent 16. 4 7. 0 27. 7 24. 4 24. 4 100. 0 Valid Percent 16. 4 7. 0 27. 7 24. 4 24. 4 100. 0 Percent 16. 4 23. 5 51. 2 75. 6 100. 0 10  |  P a g e Limitations  of  Survey The   survey   covers   only   the   respondents   in   Chennai   since   the   time   frame   was   not   enough   to   cover   other   places   which   acted   as   movie   hubs   in   the   state. Also   a   significant   number   of   movies   are   being   screened   abroad   and   they   have   their   own   distribution   issues   abroad. The  scope  of  the  current  research  does  not  cover  that  and  hence  we  do  not  delve   into  that  issue. Also   ideally   if   we   had   known   an   approximate   number   of   Tamil   movie   goers   in   Chennai,   we   could   determine   the   minimal   sample   size   statistically. Hence   we   had   limited   ourselves   to   the   use   of   convenience   sampling   to   get   the   samples   from   people   across   Chennai. The   surveys   could   have   been   conducted   in   other   residential   places   of   varying   economic  strata  to  identify  which  strata  of  the  economic  class  does  this  spread  of  piracy  is   rampant. One  other  limitation  of  this  survey  is  that  it  did  not  ask  whether  the  individuals  had   an   internet   connection   at   home   which   could   have   helped   in   correlating   the   availability   of   net  connection  andà ‚  downloading  free  content  from  the  web.